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It is common to find minced oaths in literature and media. Writers often include minced oaths instead of profanity in their writing so that they do not offend audiences or incur censorship. ==Novels== W. Somerset Maugham referred to this problem in his 1919 novel ''The Moon and Sixpence'', where he admitted: Strickland, according to Captain Nichols, did not use exactly the words I have given, but since this book is meant for family reading, I thought it better — at the expense of truth — to put into his mouth language familiar to the domestic circle. In particular, authors of children's fiction sometimes put minced oaths into the mouths of characters who swear a lot, as a way of depicting a part of their behaviour that would be unconvincing not to represent, but also avoiding the use of swear words which would be considered unsuitable for children to read. In 1851, Charles Dickens wrote: Bark's parts of speech are of an awful sort—principally adjectives. I won't, says Bark, have no adjective police and adjective strangers in my adjective premises! I won't, by adjective and substantive! ... Give me, says Bark, my adjective trousers! The term ''dickens'' itself, probably from the surname, became a minced oath when referring to the devil.〔 In some cases, minced oaths are used which it seems very unlikely people would actually use in real life; examples include "blessed", "by Jove", "golly" or "gosh", "gee", "dang", "dagnabit" and "goldarn it". Norman Mailer's novel ''The Naked and the Dead'' uses "fug" in place of "fuck" throughout. Mystery writer Fran Rizer deploys "kindergarten cussin'" in her Callie Parrish series, where the main character can be heard muttering, "Dalmatian!" and "Shih Tzu!" In Robert Jordan's ''The Wheel of Time'' series, characters use oaths such as "flaming" or "blood and ashes" or the interjection "light" in the same strength as a curse word, without having to print swear words. Science Fiction writer, John Brunner, in novels such as ''The Shockwave Rider'' and ''Stand on Zanzibar'', uses 'shiv' and 'slit' to refer to male and female body parts (and sometimes males and females) respectively. The lead characters of Anthony Crowley (a demon) and Aziraphale (an angel) from ''Good Omens'', by Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman, both use minced oaths on a number of occasions, though for different reasons (Aziraphale genuinely means to avoid offense, while Crowley, being a demon, simply finds it more acceptable to his post to say 'gosh' instead of 'God'). In Stephen King's 2006 novel ''Lisey's Story'', the main characters, Lisey and Scott Landon, use the word ''smuck'' instead of ''fuck'', replacing it wherever ''fuck'' would be conceivably used: ''smucking, mothersmucker, smucked up'', etc. In the ''Gaunt's Ghosts'' series by Dan Abnett, the Imperial Guardsmen use the word ''feth'' as a general all-purpose swear word, primarily to replace the word ''fuck''. In the series ''TZA'', John Spencer uses ''spash'' in place of most curses from the second book forth. Throughout his comic novel ''Myron'', Gore Vidal replaces various obscenities with the names of judges who were involved in an obscenity trial. In the ''Codex Alera'' series, by Jim Butcher, most obscenities are replaced with a variation of the word crow, e.g. crows or crowbegotten. Terry Pratchett uses minced oaths for comic effect, for example in Mort: ''"A wizard. I hate ----ing wizards." "Well, you shouldn't ---- them then," replied the second, effortlessly pronouncing a row of dashes.'' In a later book, The Truth, the character Mr Tulip habitually and persistently uses a similarly diagetic form of pseudo-profane interjection throughout his dialogue. In Stephen King's 2009 novel ''Under the Dome'', the character 'Big Jim' Rennie avoids swearing by replacing words such as ''fucking and clusterfuck'' with ''cottonpicking and clustermug''. Ernest Hemingway substituted muck for that with which it rhymes in 'Across the River and into the Trees ' and fornicate for that with which it doesn't rhyme in 'For Whom the Bell Tolls.' It makes for some awkward constructions in the latter. Spider Robinson, in his science fiction novels, consistently uses "kark" in place of "fuck", and "taken slot" in place of "fucking slut" -- "slot" perhaps being also a reference to the female anatomy as receptacle. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Minced oaths in media」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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